Security council
Concept;-
Security council is the principal organ of United Nations. It is a continuously functioning body. The primary responsibility of security council is to maintain peace at the international level . Security council has to perform the work of an executive nature.
Composition:-
It consist of 15 member, 5 are permanent and 10 are non permanent members
Non permanent member are elected by the general assembly of UN by 2/3 majority on the geographical base for the period of 2 year.
Permanent Member of security Council;-
I) China
II) Russia
III) France
IV) United State of America
V) United Kingdom
Voting procedure;-
There are two types of voting procedure
I) In case of Procedural matters;-
All the decision of security council on procedural matters required 9 affirmative votes. it may be five permanent members.
II) In case of Substantive Matter;-
All the decision of the security council on substantive matters required 9 affirmative votes including the concurring votes of 5 five permanent members
Power and function;-
I. To maintain international peace and security:-
The primary responsibility of the Security Council is to maintain world peace and security. In order to maintain world peace and security the Security Council acts on behalf of the all member states and all Member States are obligated to comply with Council decisions. The Security Council is bound by the principle and purposes of the organization and can not work arbitrarily. The primary powers and functions of the Security Council in regard to maintain world peace and security are to be exercised by two means:
A. settlement of disputes by peaceful means.
B. Taking enforcement action.
A. Specific settlement of disputes by peaceful means: The Council may assist in the settlement of disputes by peaceful means and in this regard it has following power;
l To call upon the parties to a dispute to settle it by peaceful means.
l To investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international dispute and to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes .
l To encourage the peaceful settlement of local disputes through regional arrangements and to use such regional arrangements for enforcement action under its authority.
B.Taking enforcement action:-
Security council has the power to take the following enforcement action
l Impose Economic sanctions,
l impose financial penalties and restrictions,
l Impose travel bans,
II. Function relating to election process: -
The Security Council and the general assembly separately elect the judges of international court of justice and also recommend the appointment of the secretary general of the United Nations. The secretary general shall be appointment on the basis of recommendation of the Security Council. The Security Council elects its own president for presiding the meetings.
III. Supervisory functions:-
The Security Council also performs some supervisory functions. The Security Council supervises the function of the organization peacekeeping missions ,trusteeship council and ECOSOC in collaboration of general assembly.
IV. Constituent functions:-
The Security Council also performs some Constituent functions. The Security Council amends the charter of united nation. According to Article 108 'Amendment to the present charter shall come into force for all members of General Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two third of the members of the United Nations, including the permanent members of the security council. No Amendment to the present charter is possible unless and until all the permanent members of the security council give affirmative vote on it.
Veto and double veto;-
Negative vote cast by the permanent member of security council is called veto
By double veto we mean that the permanent members of the security council can use their veto two times relating to same matter.
1) when a permanent member caste a negative vote in a decision to be taken regarding preliminary question as to whether a matter is a procedural or substantial one.this is the 1st time.
2) When after this preliminary vote the matter is declared substantive and the same permanent member cast another negative vote and this is the second time.
