United Nation
1) Concept;-
Its name was suggest by America president F.D Roosevelt. It is the Internationale organization made up of different states and it was developed to maintain international peace and cooperation
2) Development;-
It development start for m the adaptation of Atlantic charter 1941 this agreement was entered into by two statesmen of the wold Winston Churchill the PM of Britain and Franklin Roosevelt president of America in a ship in the Atlantic ocean in which they decide that their should be an intentional organization to maintain the peace in the world .In 1945, representatives of 51 countries met in San Francisco Conference on International Organization to ratified the United Nations Charter and UN was constituted. These 51 states were original members of UN and the member who exceed are admitted members.
UN Charter;-
Charter is a type of multilateral treaty which form a body or organization.
The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. it consist of 111 articles.
3) Objective;-u/A 1 of UN Charter;-
Preamble of UN charter provide following objectives;
I. To maintain the international peace and security;-
The most important object of UN is to the maintain international peace and security. The UN does this by discouraging the use of force, resolving disputes by peaceful means , by sending peacekeeping missions in disputant areas and by impose sanctions,.
II. To develop the friendly relation among the different sovereign state
The second purpose of the UN is to develop friendly relations among nation which based on respect for the principle of equality and self-determination .
III. To settle the dispute Amicably ;-
The 3rd object id to settle the international dispute by peaceful means to avoid the use of force.
IV. Equality of sovereign states;-
The other object of UN is to create the equality of nation.
4) Principal of UN;-
Article #2 of UN charter
i. Sovereign equality;-
1st principle of UN is the principle of sovereign equality. This means that each members of united nations are equal in the eye of law irrespect of their size or strength . And No discrimination can be made on any basis however it is not an absolute principle and admit certain exceptions their are certain provision in the charter that are inconstant with this principle for example article 27 which provide that for decision on all important matters in the security council required the affirmative votes of all the permanent members. In Accordance with this provision all members are not equal.
ii. Territorial integrity ;-
Territorial integrity is the principle of UN that prohibits states from the use of force against the "territorial integrity or political independence" of another state and states that border change by using force is an act of aggression.
iii. Non aggression;-
Aggression is defined as the use of force against an other state .This principle required that no state should initiate force against and other but this principle does note prevent the state from the use of force in self defence.
iv. Non intervention;-
Another principle of UN is nonintervention. This means that the United Nations will intervene only in international problems, not in the domestic problems of a country.
V.self determination;-
The principle of self determination means that countries have the right to freely determine their international politics status and sovereignty without outside or external interference.
5) Membership of UN;-
There are two types of members in united nation
I) Origin members;-
Article 3 of UN Charter provided that the original members are those states which participate in the San Francisco conference and ratified UN Charter.
II) Admitted members;-
Article 4 of UN charter provides that states may be admitted as a member of UN by the votes of 9 members of the security council and 2/3 majority of the general assembly. They are called admitted members.
Conditions for becoming a member of united nations;-
I) it must be a state .
II) It must be peace loving .
III) It must accept the obligation of the UN charter.
IV) It must be willing to fulfill these obligations.
V) It must be able to fulfill these obligations.
6) Permanent Members of UN;-
I. China
7) Expulsion ;-
The provision Regarding the Expulsion of the number from the united nations is contained In Article 6 of the UN charter it provides that a number of the united nation which had violated the principals contains in the UN Charter may be Expelled from the organization by the general Assembly upon the recommendation of the security council. Since expulsion of a number Is a substantial question decision On it will require Nine votes of the security council including those of the permanent Members And by two thirds majority of general assembly.
8) Suspension;-
Article 5 provides that member of the UN Against which Preventive action has been Taken by the security council may be suspending from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by general assembly, Upon the recommendation Of security council.It further Provides that the exercise of these Rights and privileges may be restored by the security council. Suspension of members is a also a substantial question and hence the same procedure will be followed as in the case of expulsion of member.
9) Withdraw;-
The UN charter provides no provision For withdrawal because of the fear that it might incurage withdrawals that would weaken the organization .The question of withdrawal of membership has arisen only once is the history of the UN . Indonesia declared her withdrawal from the UN because Malaysia has been elected as One of the Non permanent member of UN.
Organ of UN
1) general Assembly
2) Security council
3) International court of justice
4) Secretariat
5) Trusteeship council
6) Economic and social council
