1st Year Physics Notes Full Book
F.Sc. Physics (1ST Year) COMPLETE BOOK NOTES
Chapters For Notes Of 1st Year Physics
Chapter # 1: Measurements
Chapter # 2: Vector and Equilibrium
Chapter # 3: Motion and Force
Chapter # 4: Work and Energy
Chapter # 5: Circular Motion
Chapter # 6: Fluid Dynamics
Chapter # 7: Oscillations
Chapter # 8: Waves
Chapter # 9: Physical Optics
Chapter # 10: Optical Instruments
Chapter # 11: Thermodynamics
Notes of Full Book With Topic MCQ Short Question Long Question And Photos
Download Notes of 1st year physics Click Here
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
Q # 1.Define Physics? Describe its main areas of research.
Ans. Physics is the branch of science that deals with matter, energy and the relationship between
them. The study of physics involves laws of motion, the structure of space and time, the nature and
types of forces, the interaction between different particles, the interaction of radiation with matter etc.
Q # 2.What do you know about the natural philosophy?
Ans.Initially, the observations of man about the world around him give birth to the single discipline of science, called natural philosophy.
Q # 3.Differentiate among the physical and biological sciences.
Ans.There was a huge increase in the volume of scientific knowledge uptill the beginning of
nineteenth century and it was found necessary to classify the natural philosophy into two branches,
the physical sciences and the biological sciences:
Physical Sciences Biological Sciences
i) Physical sciences deal with non-living things.
ii) Examples: Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy
i) Biological sciences deal with living things.
ii) Examples: Zoology, Botanyetc.
Q # 4.Describe the main frontiers of fundamental sciences.
Ans.The main frontiers of the fundamental sciences are as follows:
The world of extremelylarge, that includes the study universe itself, the information from the far
side of the universe and the big bang.
The world of extremely small, that of the particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons etc.
The world of complex matter and it is also the world of middle sized things, from molecule at one
extreme to the earth at the other. This is all fundamental physics, which is the heart of science.
Q # 5.Describe the birth of modern Physics. Also define the following branches of modern
physics:
(i) Nuclear Physics (ii) Particle Physics (iii) Relativistic Mechanics (iv) Solid State Physics
Ans.By the end of the 19th century, many physicists started believing that everything about physics
has been discovered. However, about the beginning of 20th century, many new experimental facts
revealed that the laws formulated by the earlier scientists need modifications. Further researches gave
birth to many new disciplines which are known as modern Physics. Some braches of modern Physics
are as follows:
(i) Nuclear Physics: The nuclear physics deals with the atomic nuclei.
(ii) Particle Physics: It deals with the ultimate particles with which the matter is
composed.
(iii) Relativistic Mechanics: It deals with motion of bodies which moves with very large
velocities (approaching that of light).
(iv) Solid State Physics:The solid state physics deals with structure and properties of matter.
Q # 6.Write down the significance of science and technology. Also describe the role of physics in
the development of science and technology?
Ans. Modern tools of science and technology have brought all parts of world in close contact. The
information media and fast means of communications have made the world a global village. The
computer networks play pivotal role in the development of science and technology. The computer
networks are the products of chips developed from basic ideas of physics.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
Q # 7.What do you know about physical quantities? Also describe their significance.
Ans.The quantities that can be measured and are used to describe the properties of matter are called
physical quantities.
Significance:The foundation of physics rest upon physical quantities in terms of which the laws of
physics are expressed.
Q # 8.Differentiate among the base and derived quantities.
Base Quantities Derived Quantities
(i) The base quantities are those physical
quantities in terms of which other physical
quantities are defined.
(ii) Examples: Mass, length, time
(i) The quantities that are derived from the base
quantities are called derived quantities.
(ii) Examples: Velocity, acceleration, force
Q # 9.How the base quantities are measured?Ans.The measurement of base quantity involves two steps:
(i) The choice of a standard.
(ii) The establishment of a procedure for comparing the quantity to be measure with standard.
Q # 10.What are the characteristics of an ideal standard?
Ans.An ideal standard has two principle characteristics.
(i) It is accessible
(ii)It is invariable
Q # 11.Name several repetitive phenomenons occurring in nature which can serve as reasonable
time standards.
Ans.Any natural phenomenon that repeats itself after exactly same time interval can be used as time
standard. The following natural phenomenon can be used as time standard.
(i) The rotation of earth around the sun and about its own axis
(ii) The rotation of moon around earth
(iii)Atomic vibrations in solids
Q # 12.Give the drawbacks to use the time period of a pendulum as a time standard.
Ans.The drawbacks to use the time period of a pendulum as a time standard are
(i) The value of „g‟ changes at different places
(ii) The variation in the length of simple pendulum due to change in temperature in different
seasons
(iii)Air resistance may affect the time period of simple pendulum
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
Q # 13.What do you know about international system of units?
Describe its significance.
Ans.In 1960, an international committee agreed on a set of definitions
and standards to describe the physical quantities. The system that was
established is called System International of units.
Significance: Due to simplicity and convenience with which the units
in this system are amenable to arithmetic manipulation, it is in
universal use by the world‟s scientific community.
F.Sc. Physics (1ST Year) COMPLETE BOOK NOTES
Chapters For Notes Of 1st Year Physics
Chapter # 1: Measurements
Chapter # 2: Vector and Equilibrium
Chapter # 3: Motion and Force
Chapter # 4: Work and Energy
Chapter # 5: Circular Motion
Chapter # 6: Fluid Dynamics
Chapter # 7: Oscillations
Chapter # 8: Waves
Chapter # 9: Physical Optics
Chapter # 10: Optical Instruments
Chapter # 11: Thermodynamics
Notes of Full Book With Topic MCQ Short Question Long Question And Photos
Download Notes of 1st year physics Click Here
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
Q # 1.Define Physics? Describe its main areas of research.
Ans. Physics is the branch of science that deals with matter, energy and the relationship between
them. The study of physics involves laws of motion, the structure of space and time, the nature and
types of forces, the interaction between different particles, the interaction of radiation with matter etc.
Q # 2.What do you know about the natural philosophy?
Ans.Initially, the observations of man about the world around him give birth to the single discipline of science, called natural philosophy.
Q # 3.Differentiate among the physical and biological sciences.
Ans.There was a huge increase in the volume of scientific knowledge uptill the beginning of
nineteenth century and it was found necessary to classify the natural philosophy into two branches,
the physical sciences and the biological sciences:
Physical Sciences Biological Sciences
i) Physical sciences deal with non-living things.
ii) Examples: Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy
i) Biological sciences deal with living things.
ii) Examples: Zoology, Botanyetc.
Q # 4.Describe the main frontiers of fundamental sciences.
Ans.The main frontiers of the fundamental sciences are as follows:
The world of extremelylarge, that includes the study universe itself, the information from the far
side of the universe and the big bang.
The world of extremely small, that of the particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons etc.
The world of complex matter and it is also the world of middle sized things, from molecule at one
extreme to the earth at the other. This is all fundamental physics, which is the heart of science.
Q # 5.Describe the birth of modern Physics. Also define the following branches of modern
physics:
(i) Nuclear Physics (ii) Particle Physics (iii) Relativistic Mechanics (iv) Solid State Physics
Ans.By the end of the 19th century, many physicists started believing that everything about physics
has been discovered. However, about the beginning of 20th century, many new experimental facts
revealed that the laws formulated by the earlier scientists need modifications. Further researches gave
birth to many new disciplines which are known as modern Physics. Some braches of modern Physics
are as follows:
(i) Nuclear Physics: The nuclear physics deals with the atomic nuclei.
(ii) Particle Physics: It deals with the ultimate particles with which the matter is
composed.
(iii) Relativistic Mechanics: It deals with motion of bodies which moves with very large
velocities (approaching that of light).
(iv) Solid State Physics:The solid state physics deals with structure and properties of matter.
Q # 6.Write down the significance of science and technology. Also describe the role of physics in
the development of science and technology?
Ans. Modern tools of science and technology have brought all parts of world in close contact. The
information media and fast means of communications have made the world a global village. The
computer networks play pivotal role in the development of science and technology. The computer
networks are the products of chips developed from basic ideas of physics.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
Q # 7.What do you know about physical quantities? Also describe their significance.
Ans.The quantities that can be measured and are used to describe the properties of matter are called
physical quantities.
Significance:The foundation of physics rest upon physical quantities in terms of which the laws of
physics are expressed.
Q # 8.Differentiate among the base and derived quantities.
Base Quantities Derived Quantities
(i) The base quantities are those physical
quantities in terms of which other physical
quantities are defined.
(ii) Examples: Mass, length, time
(i) The quantities that are derived from the base
quantities are called derived quantities.
(ii) Examples: Velocity, acceleration, force
Q # 9.How the base quantities are measured?Ans.The measurement of base quantity involves two steps:
(i) The choice of a standard.
(ii) The establishment of a procedure for comparing the quantity to be measure with standard.
Q # 10.What are the characteristics of an ideal standard?
Ans.An ideal standard has two principle characteristics.
(i) It is accessible
(ii)It is invariable
Q # 11.Name several repetitive phenomenons occurring in nature which can serve as reasonable
time standards.
Ans.Any natural phenomenon that repeats itself after exactly same time interval can be used as time
standard. The following natural phenomenon can be used as time standard.
(i) The rotation of earth around the sun and about its own axis
(ii) The rotation of moon around earth
(iii)Atomic vibrations in solids
Q # 12.Give the drawbacks to use the time period of a pendulum as a time standard.
Ans.The drawbacks to use the time period of a pendulum as a time standard are
(i) The value of „g‟ changes at different places
(ii) The variation in the length of simple pendulum due to change in temperature in different
seasons
(iii)Air resistance may affect the time period of simple pendulum
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
Q # 13.What do you know about international system of units?
Describe its significance.
Ans.In 1960, an international committee agreed on a set of definitions
and standards to describe the physical quantities. The system that was
established is called System International of units.
Significance: Due to simplicity and convenience with which the units
in this system are amenable to arithmetic manipulation, it is in
universal use by the world‟s scientific community.
