International organizations
Definition;-
International organization is a form of cooperation made up of independent states by a multilateral agreement.
Types of international organizations ;-
Types of international organization are the following;
1)Global organizations;-
The organizations which draws its members from all over the world and membership is open for all states are called global organizations .
For example;-
II. World Trade Organization,
III. World Custom Organization, and
IV. World Bank.
Regional organizations;-
The organizations which established to foster cooperation and political and economic integration or dialogue amongst states or entities within a restrictive geographical or geopolitical boundary are called regional organizations .
For Examples;-
Collective security;-
Collective security is a system by which states have attempted to prevent or stop wars. Under a collective security arrangement, an aggressor against any one state is considered an aggressor against all other states, which act together to repel the aggressor.
The woodrow wilson regarded as the enunciator of this concept. Both the League of Nations and the United Nations were founded on the principle of collective security.
League of Nations
Introduction;-
The League of Nations was established under the Treaty of Versailles concluded between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany on 28 June 1919.
Objects;-
The main objects of the League of Nations were
1. To promote international cooperation
2. To achieve International peace and security,
3. Settle disputes amicably,
4. Maintain International Relations between members States,
5. To preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political
independence of all Members of the League of Nations etc.
Organs of league of nation;-
The League had three principal organs:
1) Assembly
2) Council,
3) Secretariat (headed by the General Secretary and based in Geneva),
4) PCIJ was the subsidiary organ of league of nations
1)The Assembly:
Composition;-
All members of the League were automatically members of the Assembly. Each Member State had one vote but was permitted to send up to three members.
Session of the assemble;-
The Assembly held its sessions once a year in September.
Function of assembly;-
The special functions of the Assembly included
l Admission the new members to the League of nation
l Electing non-permanent members to the Council
l Elect the council of the judges of the permanent court
l Prepare the budget
2) The Council:-
Composition;-
The Council began had five permanent members the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan, USA and four non-permanent members, which were elected by the Assembly for a three-year period
Function;-
1. perform executive function.
2. maintain the security and peace of the world
3. nominate the additional member of the council
3)The Secretariat;-
It perform the administrative functions.It comprised of six hundred officers and subordinate officials .It was headed by the secretary general who was appointed by council .He was also the head of league of nation
4)Permanent Court of International Justice;-
The Permanent Court of International Justice is the subsidiary organ LON.
The Council and Assembly established its constitution. Its judges were elected by the Council and Assembly, and its budget was provided by the Assembly.
The composition of the Court was of eleven judges and four deputy-judges, elected for nine years. The Court had been competent to hear and to determine any international dispute which the parties concerned submitted to it. The Court might also give an advisory opinion upon any dispute or question referred to it by the Council or the Assembly.
Reason of failure;-
1) Many restriction was imposed on the Germany.
2) The withdraw policy of league of nation
3) Although the president of America wilson contributed much for the establishment of league of nation but America could never become its member.
4) The sphere of council and the assembly were not clearly defined it lead to confusion of
responsibility
